Sluggish Cognitive Tempo is used to describe a particular type of attention deficit, concentration, and slowness in information processing. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale (SCTS) of the parent form among Iranian children. The present study is a descriptive study. A sample of 1700 people was selected from the provinces of Tehran, East Azerbaijan, West Azerbaijan, Kurdistan, Fars and Khorasan using cluster sampling method. 122 subjects were excluded from statistical analysis due to incomplete answers to the questionnaires and thus the final sample was reduced to 1578 parents. The confirmatory factor analysis method and internal consistency were used to compute the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale factorial validity and reliability, respectively. Also, in order to examine the construct validity of the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale, we computed correlations between different dimensions of Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale with Attention Deficit Subscale of Mental Health Assessment Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents. The results of statistical results showed that this scale has structural validity, criterion and convergence in Iranian society. The results indicate that the scale is three factors and also the validity of the scale using Cronbach's alpha method and retest test after Approved two weeks. According to the findings of the present study, the parent form of the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale (SCTS) has a good validity and reliability and it can be used in research related to slow cognitive multiplication in Iranian society.

Background and Purpose: Sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) includes a series of symptoms used to describe a special type of attention-concentration disorder and slow information processing. Present study was done to investigate the effectiveness of psychosocial program on the speed and accuracy of information processing in children with SCT. Method: This study was a quasi-experimental research with pretest-posttest control group design. The study population included all the 9 to 12-year old students with symptoms of SCT who were studying at the public schools of Tehran in the academic year 2016-2017. A sample of 60 students with SCT was selected by convenience sampling and then randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group. Slugging Cognitive Tempo Scale (Boronz, 2019) was used to identify these students and the d2 Test of Attention (Brickenkamp, 1981) was used to assess the speed and accuracy of information processing. The experimental group received eight 60-min sessions of psychosocial program, while the control group underwent no intervention. Data were analyzed by MANCOVA. Results: Findings showed that there was a significant difference in the mean score of the experimental and control group in terms of speed and accuracy of information processing (F=32. 4, P<0. 001) and scores of the experimental group increased compared to the control group in the post-test stage. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the psychosocial program can increase the speed and accuracy of information processing and thus it can significantly reduce the behavioral and academic problems of children with SCT.

The objective of the present study was to examine the relationship among sleep disorders, executive dysfunction, and sluggish cognitive tempo in adolescents utilizing a network approach. The study was performed based on descriptive-correlation method. The population of study contained all the adolescents (ages 12-18 years) in Tehran, Ardebil, Southern Azerbaijan and Western Azerbaijan provinces during 2021-2022 academic year. Data were collected from Two thousand six hundred and fifty-nine adolescents who were recruited through convenience sampling method. Participants completed the Adult Concentration Inventory (Becker et al. 2015), Sleep Disorders Symptom Checklist (Klingman et al. 2017), and Executive Skills Questionnaire-Revised (Strait et al. 2019). The bootnet package in R software used for data analysis. Results showed Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT) was positively and more closely related to Sleep Disorders (insomnia) than Executive Dysfunction. the results showed that the most robust relative bridge connections were Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT) and Plan Management (PM), edge weight = 0.33; Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT) and Insomnia edge weight = 0.26; in addition to the positive bridge connections, a negative robust connection was also recognized between Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and Emotional Regulation (ER), edge weight = - 0.07. In conclusion, Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT) was positively associated with sleep disorders and executive dysfunction. Future interventions may be developed that emphasize the bridge connections of sleep disorders, executive dysfunction, and sluggish cognitive tempo in adolescents

Objective: Sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) is used to describe a particular type of attention deficit disorder, concentration and slowness in information processing. The aim of this study was to develop a program of executive functions and investigate its effect on the performance of students with SCT. Method: The research method is semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test with control group. The designed training package consisted of 14 sessions in which 4 skills (working memory, inhibition, flexibility and attention training) were taught. The statistical population in cluded 8-10year old students from Tabriz, of whom 30 were selected and randomly divided into two groups: experimental (15) and control (15). The SCT questionnaire was completed by the parents of both groups. After the pre-test, the experimental group was trained for 14 sessions. The post-test was performed again and the pre-test and post-test data were analyzed using covariance analysis. Results: The obtained data showed significant difference between the two groups in the variables of the posttest variable of SCT after adjusting for the effect of the pre-test score (P<01). Conclusion: The research findings suggest that by improving the executive functions, the symptoms of SCT disorder can be decreased.

The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) in enhancing the executive functions of students with sluggish cognitive tempo. The study was conducted using a semi-experimental method that involved a pre-test and post-test design and a control group. The study population consisted of all male students in the first year of secondary school in Tabriz in 2022-2023 who had a sluggish cognitive tempo. Thirty students with sluggish cognitive tempo were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups from this population, as determined by purposeful sampling. The experimental group received mindfulness-based cognitive therapy program in 12 sessions. The data was collected using the sluggish cognitive tempo Scale (SCTS) and executive skills questionnaire (ESQ-R) .The present research data were analyzed using multi-variance covariance analysis. The data analysis was conducted using SPSS-25 software. The results showed that the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy demonstrated a significant effect on the three components of planning, emotion regulation, and time management (p<0.05). However, the component of organization and behavior regulation did not experience any substantial impact. Therefore, it is recommended that clinicians and educators implement mindfulness-based cognitive therapy to enhance the executive functions of students with symptoms of sluggish cognitive tempo. This is due to the fact that the intervention had a positive effect on planning, emotional regulation, and time management.

Background: Many studies have reported impaired empathy in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. But the main issue(question) is whether Between Dimensions of empathy of children with sluggish cognitive Tempo (which are similar in terms of attention problems to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, For this reason, Children with sluggish cognitive Tempo are mistakenly labeled attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) there is difference with children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Aims: Comparison of Dimensions of Empathy in children with Attention Deficit/ hyperactivity disorder and Sluggish Cognitive Tempo. Method: The research was descriptive and causal-comparative. The statistical population included Elementary school boys (7 to 12 years old) in Tabriz in the 2019 academic year, of which 100 boys (50 with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and 50 with sluggish cognitive Tempo) as a sample by multistage cluster sampling model and They were selected using the SNAP-IV rating scale (Swanson, Nolan and Pelham, 1980) and the SCT scale (Penny, Watchbach, Klein, Curcum and Skis, 2009). In order to measure empathy, children's cognitive and emotional empathy scale (Dads et al., 2008) was used. The results were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance in SPSS20 software. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and children with sluggish cognitive Tempo (F=15/10, P<0/05). Conclusions: It can be concluded that children with sluggish cognitive Tempo have poorer(weaker) performance in cognitive and emotional empathy than children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

this study aimed to compare theory of mind and its levels in children with Attention Deficit/ Hyper Activity Disorder (ADHD) and Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT). The study was descriptive in the frame of Casual Comparative design. Participants comprised 100 boys (50 ADHD and 50 SCT) from elementary schools in Tabriz in the 1398-1399 academic year, which were selected through a screening method using the Child Behavior Rating Scale (Swanson, Nolan, & Pelham, 1980) and the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale (Penny, Waschbusch, Klein, Corkum, & Eskes, 2009). Then, Theory of Mind Test (Muris, et al, 1999) was performed on samples to measure theory of mind. Data was analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the two groups in theory of mind. So that children with SCT had poorer performances in theory of mind in all three levels than children with ADHD. Based on the findings of this study, it seems that since children with SCT have little interest in social interactions and suffer from attention problems simultaneously, they have poorer performances in theory of mind than children with ADHD.